[cbus] added Lua support for sending CBUS/VLCB message and DCC commands

manual/build.py

@@ -221,6 +221,7 @@ class TraintasticHelp:
                         ]},
                         {'Product index': 'appendix/supported-hardware/product-index.md'}
                     ]},
+                    {'CBUS/VLCB reference': 'appendix/cbus-vlcb.md'},
                     {'LocoNet reference': 'appendix/loconet.md'},
                     {'XpressNet reference': 'appendix/xpressnet.md'},
                     {'Lua scripting reference': lua_ref},

manual/docs/en/appendix/cbus-vlcb.md

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# CBUS/VLCB reference
+
+CBUS is a Layout Control Bus developed by members of the Model Electronic Railway Group (MERG).
+CBUS uses the Controller Area Network (CAN) for communication between the CBUS modules.
+
+VLCB is an CBUS extension developed by MERG members to it adds additional commands and introduced a a stricter priority system for commands.
+
+This appendix does **not** explain the CBUS/VLCB protocol.
+Instead, it **how Traintastic implements and uses CBUS/VLCB** and which protocol messages are recognized.
+It is intended for advanced users who are already familiar with the basics of the CBUS/VLCB protocol.
+
+## Supported hardware
+
+*TODO: under development*
+
+## Message support
+
+### General control
+- Track on/off: `TOF`, `TON`, `RTOF`, `RTON` - Supported
+- Emergency stop: `ESTOP`, `RESTP` - Supported
+
+*TODO: under development, will be expanded when implemented*
+
+## Debugging and monitoring
+
+Traintastic provides a debug option for CBUS/VLCB that logs all bus traffic.
+Messages are shown in **hexadecimal format**, and for many message types a human-readable textual description of the content is also provided.
+
+This is useful for:
+
+- Diagnosing compatibility issues with specific modules.
+- Verifying that messages are transmitted and received as expected.
+
+### Sending raw messages
+
+Through [**Lua scripting**](../advanced/scripting-basics.md), it is also possible to:
+
+- Send **raw CBUS/VLCB messages**, see [`send()`](lua/object/cbusinterface.md#send).
+- Send **raw DCC track commands** (`RDCCn`), see [`send_dcc()`](lua/object/cbusinterface.md#send_dcc).
+
+!!! warning "Use this with caution!"
+    - These messages bypass Traintastic’s normal handling.
+    - You need a solid understanding of CBUS/VLCB and DCC to avoid conflicts.
+    - Side effects may occur that Traintastic is not aware of or cannot manage.

manual/luadoc/class.json

@@ -106,6 +106,9 @@
   "CLOCK": {
     "type": "constant"
   },
+  "CBUS_INTERFACE": {
+    "type": "constant"
+  },
   "DCCEX_INTERFACE": {
     "type": "constant"
   },
@@ -228,4 +231,4 @@
     "type": "constant",
     "since": "0.3"
   }
-}
+}

manual/luadoc/object/cbusinterface.json

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  "send": {
+    "parameters": [
+      {
+        "name": "message"
+      }
+    ],
+    "return_values": 1
+  },
+  "send_dcc": {
+    "parameters": [
+      {
+        "name": "dcc_packet"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "repeat",
+        "optional": true,
+        "default": 2
+      }
+    ],
+    "return_values": 1
+  }
+}

manual/luadoc/terms/en-us.json

@@ -3190,5 +3190,58 @@
   {
     "term": "object.category.signals:title",
     "definition": "Signals"
+  },
+  {
+    "term": "object.cbusinterface:title",
+    "definition": "CBUS/VLCB interface"
+  },
+  {
+    "term": "object.cbusinterface:description",
+    "definition": "Interface for communicating with a CBUS/VLCB network."
+  },
+  {
+    "term": "object.cbusinterface.send_dcc:description",
+    "definition": "Request the command station to send a DCC packet to the track (`RDCCn`)."
+  },
+  {
+    "term": "object.cbusinterface.send_dcc.parameter.dcc_packet:description",
+    "definition": "Table containing two to five DCC packet bytes to send excluding checksum byte."
+  },
+  {
+    "term": "object.cbusinterface.send_dcc.parameter.repeat:description",
+    "definition": "Number of times to repeat the packet on the track. (1...255)"
+  },
+  {
+    "term": "object.cbusinterface.send_dcc:return_values",
+    "definition": "`true` if send, `false` otherwise."
+  },
+  {
+    "term": "object.cbusinterface.send_dcc.warning:title",
+    "definition": "Use this with caution!"
+  },
+  {
+    "term": "object.cbusinterface.send_dcc.warning:description",
+    "definition": "These messages bypass Traintastic’s normal handling. You need a solid understanding of DCC to avoid conflicts. Side effects may occur that Traintastic is not aware of or cannot manage."
+  },
+
+  {
+    "term": "object.cbusinterface.send:description",
+    "definition": "Send CBUS/VLCB message."
+  },
+  {
+    "term": "object.cbusinterface.send.parameter.message:description",
+    "definition": "CBUS/VLCB message bytes. (1...8)"
+  },
+  {
+    "term": "object.cbusinterface.send:return_values",
+    "definition": "`true` if send, `false` otherwise."
+  },
+  {
+    "term": "object.cbusinterface.send.warning:title",
+    "definition": "Use this with caution!"
+  },
+  {
+    "term": "object.cbusinterface.send.warning:description",
+    "definition": "These messages bypass Traintastic’s normal handling. You need a solid understanding of CBUS/VLCB to avoid conflicts. Side effects may occur that Traintastic is not aware of or cannot manage."
   }
-]
+]

server/src/hardware/interface/cbusinterface.cpp

@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@
 #include "../../utils/displayname.hpp"
 #include "../../world/world.hpp"
 
+namespace CBUS {
+class Simulator{};
+}
+
 CREATE_IMPL(CBUSInterface)
 
 CBUSInterface::CBUSInterface(World& world, std::string_view _id)
@@ -88,6 +92,24 @@ CBUSInterface::CBUSInterface(World& world, std::string_view _id)
 
 CBUSInterface::~CBUSInterface() = default;
 
+bool CBUSInterface::send(std::vector<uint8_t> message)
+{
+  if(m_kernel)
+  {
+    return m_kernel->send(std::move(message));
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool CBUSInterface::sendDCC(std::vector<uint8_t> dccPacket, uint8_t repeat)
+{
+  if(m_kernel)
+  {
+    return m_kernel->sendDCC(std::move(dccPacket), repeat);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 void CBUSInterface::addToWorld()
 {
   Interface::addToWorld();

server/src/hardware/interface/cbusinterface.hpp

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class CBUSSettings;
 
 namespace CBUS {
 class Kernel;
-class Simulator {};
+class Simulator;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -53,6 +53,17 @@ public:
   CBUSInterface(World& world, std::string_view _id);
   ~CBUSInterface() final;
 
+  //! \brief Send CBUS/VLCB message
+  //! \param[in] message CBUS/VLCB message bytes, 1..8 bytes.
+  //! \return \c true if send, \c false otherwise.
+  bool send(std::vector<uint8_t> message);
+
+  //! \brief Send DCC packet
+  //! \param[in] dccPacket DCC packet byte, exluding checksum. Length is limited to 6.
+  //! \param[in] repeat DCC packet repeat count 0..7
+  //! \return \c true if send, \c false otherwise.
+  bool sendDCC(std::vector<uint8_t> dccPacket, uint8_t repeat);
+
 protected:
   void addToWorld() final;
   void loaded() final;

server/src/hardware/protocol/cbus/cbuskernel.cpp

@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@
 /*
 #include "simulator/cbussimulator.hpp"
 */
+#include "../dcc/dcc.hpp"
 #include "../../../core/eventloop.hpp"
 #include "../../../log/log.hpp"
 #include "../../../log/logmessageexception.hpp"
+#include "../../../utils/inrange.hpp"
 #include "../../../utils/setthreadname.hpp"
 
 namespace CBUS {
@@ -191,6 +193,65 @@ void Kernel::requestEmergencyStop()
     });
 }
 
+bool Kernel::send(std::vector<uint8_t> message)
+{
+  assert(isEventLoopThread());
+
+  if(!inRange<size_t>(message.size(), 1, 8))
+  {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  m_ioContext.post(
+    [this, msg=std::move(message)]()
+    {
+      send(*reinterpret_cast<const Message*>(msg.data()));
+    });
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Kernel::sendDCC(std::vector<uint8_t> dccPacket, uint8_t repeat)
+{
+  assert(isEventLoopThread());
+
+  if(!inRange<size_t>(dccPacket.size(), 2, 5) || repeat == 0)
+  {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  dccPacket.emplace_back(DCC::calcChecksum(dccPacket));
+
+  m_ioContext.post(
+    [this, packet=std::move(dccPacket), repeat]()
+    {
+      switch(packet.size())
+      {
+        case 3:
+          send(RequestDCCPacket<3>(packet, repeat));
+          break;
+
+        case 4:
+          send(RequestDCCPacket<4>(packet, repeat));
+          break;
+
+        case 5:
+          send(RequestDCCPacket<5>(packet, repeat));
+          break;
+
+        case 6:
+          send(RequestDCCPacket<6>(packet, repeat));
+          break;
+
+        default: [[unlikely]]
+          assert(false);
+          break;
+      }
+    });
+
+  return true;
+}
+
 void Kernel::setIOHandler(std::unique_ptr<IOHandler> handler)
 {
   assert(isEventLoopThread());

server/src/hardware/protocol/cbus/cbuskernel.hpp

@@ -89,6 +89,9 @@ public:
   void trackOn();
   void requestEmergencyStop();
 
+  bool send(std::vector<uint8_t> message);
+  bool sendDCC(std::vector<uint8_t> dccPacket, uint8_t repeat);
+
 private:
   std::unique_ptr<IOHandler> m_ioHandler;
   const bool m_simulation;

server/src/hardware/protocol/cbus/cbusmessages.hpp

@@ -24,5 +24,6 @@
 
 #include "messages/cbusenginemessages.hpp"
 #include "messages/cbusgeneralmessages.hpp"
+#include "messages/cbusrequestdccpacketmessage.hpp"
 
 #endif

server/src/hardware/protocol/cbus/messages/cbusrequestdccpacketmessage.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of Traintastic,
+ * see <https://github.com/traintastic/traintastic>.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 Reinder Feenstra
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TRAINTASTIC_SERVER_HARDWARE_PROTOCOL_CBUS_MESSAGES_CBUSREQUESTDCCPACKETMESSAGE_HPP
+#define TRAINTASTIC_SERVER_HARDWARE_PROTOCOL_CBUS_MESSAGES_CBUSREQUESTDCCPACKETMESSAGE_HPP
+
+#include "cbusmessage.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <span>
+
+namespace CBUS {
+
+template<size_t N>
+requires(N >= 3 && N <= 6)
+struct RequestDCCPacket : Message
+{
+  uint8_t repeat;
+  uint8_t data[N];
+
+  RequestDCCPacket(std::span<const uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t repeat_)
+    : Message(RDCCn())
+    , repeat{repeat_}
+  {
+    assert(N == bytes.size());
+    std::memcpy(data, bytes.data(), N);
+  }
+
+private:
+  static constexpr OpCode RDCCn() noexcept
+  {
+    switch(N)
+    {
+      case 3: return OpCode::RDCC3;
+      case 4: return OpCode::RDCC4;
+      case 5: return OpCode::RDCC5;
+      case 6: return OpCode::RDCC6;
+    }
+    return static_cast<OpCode>(0); // unreachable, should never happen
+  }
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(RequestDCCPacket<3>) == 5);
+static_assert(sizeof(RequestDCCPacket<4>) == 6);
+static_assert(sizeof(RequestDCCPacket<5>) == 7);
+static_assert(sizeof(RequestDCCPacket<6>) == 8);
+
+}
+
+#endif

server/src/hardware/protocol/dcc/dcc.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 /**
- * server/src/hardware/protocol/dcc/dcc.hpp
+ * This file is part of Traintastic,
+ * see <https://github.com/traintastic/traintastic>.
  *
- * This file is part of the traintastic source code.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2026 Reinder Feenstra
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2021,2023-2024 Reinder Feenstra
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@
 #define TRAINTASTIC_SERVER_HARDWARE_PROTOCOL_DCC_DCC_HPP
 
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <span>
 #include <traintastic/enum/decoderprotocol.hpp>
 #include "../../../utils/inrange.hpp"
 
@@ -45,6 +45,20 @@ constexpr DecoderProtocol getProtocol(uint16_t address)
   return isLongAddress(address) ? DecoderProtocol::DCCLong : DecoderProtocol::DCCShort;
 }
 
+constexpr uint8_t calcChecksum(std::span<const uint8_t> message)
+{
+  if(message.empty()) [[unlikely]]
+  {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  uint8_t checksum = message[0];
+  for(size_t i = 1; i < message.size(); i++)
+  {
+    checksum ^= message[i];
+  }
+  return checksum;
+}
+
 namespace Accessory {
 
   constexpr uint16_t addressMin = 1;

server/src/lua/class.cpp

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
 
 #include "../clock/clock.hpp"
 
+#include "../hardware/interface/cbusinterface.hpp"
 #include "../hardware/interface/dccexinterface.hpp"
 #include "../hardware/interface/ecosinterface.hpp"
 #include "../hardware/interface/hsi88.hpp"
@@ -196,6 +197,7 @@ void Class::registerValues(lua_State* L)
   registerValue<Clock>(L, "CLOCK");
 
   // hardware - interface:
+  registerValue<CBUSInterface>(L, "CBUS_INTERFACE");
   registerValue<DCCEXInterface>(L, "DCCEX_INTERFACE");
   registerValue<ECoSInterface>(L, "ECOS_INTERFACE");
   registerValue<HSI88Interface>(L, "HSI88_INTERFACE");

server/src/lua/object.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 /**
- * server/src/lua/object.cpp
+ * This file is part of Traintastic,
+ * see <https://github.com/traintastic/traintastic>.
  *
- * This file is part of the traintastic source code.
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2026 Reinder Feenstra
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2019-2025 Reinder Feenstra
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "object/object.hpp"
 #include "object/objectlist.hpp"
 #include "object/interface.hpp"
+#include "object/cbusinterface.hpp"
 #include "object/loconetinterface.hpp"
 #include "object/scriptthrottle.hpp"
 
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ void registerTypes(lua_State* L)
   Object::registerType(L);
   ObjectList::registerType(L);
   Interface::registerType(L);
+  CBUSInterface::registerType(L);
   LocoNetInterface::registerType(L);
   ScriptThrottle::registerType(L);
 
@@ -65,7 +66,11 @@ void push(lua_State* L, const ObjectPtr& value)
       lua_pop(L, 1); // remove nil
       new(lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(ObjectPtrWeak))) ObjectPtrWeak(value);
 
-      if(dynamic_cast<::LocoNetInterface*>(value.get()))
+      if(dynamic_cast<::CBUSInterface*>(value.get()))
+      {
+        luaL_setmetatable(L, CBUSInterface::metaTableName);
+      }
+      else if(dynamic_cast<::LocoNetInterface*>(value.get()))
         luaL_setmetatable(L, LocoNetInterface::metaTableName);
       else if(dynamic_cast<AbstractObjectList*>(value.get()))
         luaL_setmetatable(L, ObjectList::metaTableName);

server/src/lua/object/cbusinterface.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of Traintastic,
+ * see <https://github.com/traintastic/traintastic>.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 Reinder Feenstra
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+
+#include "cbusinterface.hpp"
+#include "interface.hpp"
+#include "object.hpp"
+#include "../check.hpp"
+#include "../checkarguments.hpp"
+#include "../checkvector.hpp"
+#include "../push.hpp"
+#include "../to.hpp"
+#include "../metatable.hpp"
+
+namespace Lua::Object {
+
+void CBUSInterface::registerType(lua_State* L)
+{
+  MetaTable::clone(L, Interface::metaTableName, metaTableName);
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, __index);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index");
+  lua_pop(L, 1);
+}
+
+int CBUSInterface::index(lua_State* L, ::CBUSInterface& object)
+{
+  const auto key = to<std::string_view>(L, 2);
+  LUA_OBJECT_METHOD(send)
+  LUA_OBJECT_METHOD(send_dcc)
+  return Interface::index(L, object);
+}
+
+int CBUSInterface::__index(lua_State* L)
+{
+  return index(L, *check<::CBUSInterface>(L, 1));
+}
+
+int CBUSInterface::send(lua_State* L)
+{
+  checkArguments(L, 1);
+  auto interface = check<::CBUSInterface>(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+  auto message = checkVector<uint8_t>(L, 1);
+  Lua::push(L, interface->send(std::move(message)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int CBUSInterface::send_dcc(lua_State* L)
+{
+  const uint8_t defaultRepeat = 2;
+  const int argc = checkArguments(L, 1, 2);
+  auto interface = check<::CBUSInterface>(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+  auto dccPacket = checkVector<uint8_t>(L, 1);
+  auto repeat = (argc >= 2) ? check<uint8_t>(L, 2) : defaultRepeat;
+  Lua::push(L, interface->sendDCC(std::move(dccPacket), repeat));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+}

server/src/lua/object/cbusinterface.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of Traintastic,
+ * see <https://github.com/traintastic/traintastic>.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 Reinder Feenstra
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TRAINTASTIC_SERVER_LUA_OBJECT_CBUSINTERFACE_HPP
+#define TRAINTASTIC_SERVER_LUA_OBJECT_CBUSINTERFACE_HPP
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+#include "../../hardware/interface/cbusinterface.hpp"
+
+namespace Lua::Object {
+
+class CBUSInterface
+{
+private:
+  static int __index(lua_State* L);
+
+  static int send(lua_State* L);
+  static int send_dcc(lua_State* L);
+
+public:
+  static constexpr char const* metaTableName = "object.interface.cbus";
+
+  static void registerType(lua_State* L);
+
+  static int index(lua_State* L, ::CBUSInterface& object);
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif